This information was supplied by The Northern
New York Post Secondary Transition Team
Copyright 1998 by the NNYPSTT
Multiple copies may be made and distributed for educational use only without expense to
the student.
Student Advocacy Handbook
for High School Juniors and Seniors Transitioning to College
Dear Student
Looking at Colleges
Campus Support Services
Anticipating Using Accommodations
What Makes a Successful Student
Major Skills Needed by All Students
Common Difficulties Faced
Help Yourself be Successful in College
Information Regarding Education Law
Community Support Agencies
Admissions and Academic Support Services
Skill Evaluation Form
Academic Accommodations Checklist
Resources and Works Cited
NNYPSTT members
Welcome! we truly hope that this handbook will prove to be a valuable resource for you. The information in this handbook is arranged according to the following flow chart:

Titles under which you may find campus support services are varied. As you search each college, you will get to know what terms they use. Throughout this handbook the term "learning specialist" will be used to designate the service provider.
Good luck!
The Northern New York Post-Secondary Transition Team
P.S. This information was gathered to the best of our knowledge as of October 1998. Any name or title that is incorrect is probably due to staff changes since that time.
WHEN YOU BEGIN looking at various colleges, you should ask the admissions office to put you in contact with the office that provides accommodations to students with disabilities.
You should ask the learning specialist the following questions:
Refer to the section in this handbook that lists regional colleges and universities and their learning specialist [Rather than describe the college search process in this handbook, we recommend that you acquire a copy of the booklet "How to Choose a College: Guide for the Student with a Disability" available through the Association on Higher Education and Disability (AHEAD) or the Heath Resource Center. See Resources and Works Cited.]
CAMPUS SUPPORT SERVICES for students with disabilities vary from college to college. There are no set policies and/or procedures. You'll need to advocate for yourself by getting to know your needs and then arranging appropriate services. The three major level of services are:
EACH COLLEGE DETERMINES the level of services that will be available. Typical accommodations include: tutoring, note takers, alternative testing arrangements, computer access, interpreters, physical access, assistive technology, etc.
YOUR ACCOMMODATIONS will vary from semester to semester, course to course, and instructor to instructor. You will need to be flexible.
The learning specialist will assist you in determining what accommodations you may want to request. It is not to your benefit to be over accommodated since developing independence is a desirable life skill.
IF YOU ARE ANTICIPATING using accommodations, it is important that you meet with the learning specialist as early as possible to identify yourself and to request the services you will need. In order for you to receive services you must provide appropriate documentation, such as a current psycho-educational evaluation, a current Individualized Education Program(IEP), or any other information specific to your disability. (Refer to the information at the end of this handbook about IDEA, the entitlement law that provides you with accommodations in high school and SECTION 504, the civil rights law that makes accommodations available to you in college.)
INFORMATION YOU SHOULD be able to tell about yourself
No one holds your hand in college or makes decisions for you. It is up to you to take charge now. You must:
IDENTIFYING YOUR DISABILITY is voluntary and confidential. It is important, however, if you want accommodations, to do this as early as possible in order to initiate reasonable accommodations.
WHAT MAKES A SUCCESSFUL STUDENT?
Demonstrated competency of the basic skills (reading, writing, and math) is necessary for success in college level courses where content mastery will be evaluated.
Most instructors expect you to spend at least 3 hours outside of class doing assignments or reading for every hour spent in class. For example: If you are registered for 12 credit hours, you should be spending a minimum of 36 hours per week outside of class doing assignments and preparing for classes. Often students with disabilities need to spend considerably more time than this to be successful. Consider your disability and accommodation needs and, if appropriate, plan more time to complete your degree requirements. You may want to consider a reduced course load.
Attending college is a full-time job. If you cannot make the commitment at this time, you may want to consider enrolling part-time or attending college at a later date.
Desirable traits for college success:
Perhaps the most important concept to grasp is that you need all the same competencies as any college student PLUS whatever skills or strategies are needed to cope with your disability. It is better to start acquiring skills in an environment you know well (i.e., high school) rather than to wait until you arrive on the college campus.
Coming to a college comfortable with yourself and your needs can make the difference between success and failure.
MAJOR SKILLS NEEDED BY ALL STUDENTS ENTERING COLLEGE
Classroom Preparation
- writing name/date correctly on paper
- organizing work (use of folders, etc.)
- neatness of work
- turning work in on time
- staying in seat
- raising hand/not interrupting
- staying in the room
Necessary Social Skills
Living Independently for the First Time
COMMON DIFFICULTIES FACED BY SOME COLLEGE STUDENTS WITH DISABILITIES
READING
1. Reading too slowly or too fast
2. Difficulty understanding what was read
3. Difficulty remembering what was read
4. Difficulty identifying important information
5. Trouble sounding out new words
6. Difficulty turning pages
7. Difficulty with print size and/or format
WRITTEN LANGUAGE
1. Difficulty using proper sentence structure
2. Misspelling words
3. Difficulty copying correctly from a book or blackboard
4. Writing too slowly or too fast
5. Poor penmanship
6. Able to express ideas verbally better than in writing
ORAL LANGUAGE
1. Difficulties concentrating on conversations
2. Difficulty in expressing ideas
3. Writing better than speaking
4. Difficulty speaking in a grammatically correct manner
5. Difficulty telling a story in proper sequence
MATHEMATICS
1. Difficulty remembering basic facts
2. Reversing numbers
3. Confusing operational symbols
4. Copying problems incorrectly from one line to another
5. Difficulty following the sequence of operational processes
6. Difficulty understanding and retaining abstract concepts
7. Difficulty comprehending word problems
8. Reasoning deficits
ORGANIZATION AND STUDY SKILLS
1. Time management difficulties
2. Slow starting and completing tasks
3. Difficulty remembering information
4. Difficulty following oral and/or written directions
5. Difficulty with organization
6. Short attention span
7. Difficulty focusing
8. Inefficiently using reference materials
SOCIAL SKILLS
Some students may have problems with social skills due to their inconsistent perceptual abilities. They may be unable to detect the difference between a joking wink and a disgusted glance or notice the difference between sincere and sarcastic comments, or other subtle changes in tone of voice. These difficulties in interpreting nonverbal messages may result in lower self-esteem for some and may cause them to have trouble meeting people, working with others, and making friends.
WAYS THAT STUDENTS WITH VARIOUS DISABILITIES CAN HELP THEMSELVES BE SUCCESSFUL IN COLLEGE
General Strategies
Self-Confidence Building Strategies
Self-Advocacy Strategies
Effective Learning Strategies
Time Management Ideas
Memory Strategies
Test-Taking Strategies
SELF-CONFIDENCE BUILDING STRATEGIES
Building self-confidence is not an easy task. Many people benefit from the assistance of a counselor or therapist on a one-to-one basis or in a support group. You should explore such options in the campus Counseling Center. In addition, the following strategies may prove helpful:
Listed below are some examples of accommodations that will be useful. Some will work in some situations and others will work in other situations. Not every accommodation will work for every situation. Your learning specialist will be able to guide you in determining which accommodation is best to use and when.
a. Attend all classes. Other students can get by missing an occasional
class, but for you, hearing the lecture may be a critical factor in learning new material.
b. Preview new material and review the previous lecture before each
class.
c. Sit toward the front of the class so that you can hear and see well
and be more easily recognized if you have a question or want to participate in the
discussion.
d. Come to class prepared with materials and a positive frame of mind.
IMPORTANT INFORMATION REGARDING EDUCATIONAL LAW
The Rehabilitation Act of 1973, Section 504, states that "...no otherwise qualified individual with a disability... shall, solely by reason of disability be excluded from participating in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any program or activity receiving federal financial assistance."
A DISABILITY, according to Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, is a physical or mental impairment which substantially limits one or more of a person's basic life activities. The term disability may be used to refer to a visual, auditory, mobility, or other health related impairment, emotional difficulty, or learning disability. The degree of a person's impairment can vary from total to barely perceptible. Some disabilities are not outwardly obvious, so appearance is not a reliable way to determine if someone has a disability.
It is this mandate that has promoted the development of disability support service programs in colleges and universities across the country over the last 25 years.
Specifically, Subpart E of Section 504, requires that an institution which receives any federal financial assistance be prepared to make appropriate academic adjustments and reasonable modifications to policies and practices in order to allow the full participation of students with disabilities in the same programs and activities available to non-disabled students.
In addition to Section 504, colleges and universities must now comply with the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) of 1990. The ADA extends Section 504 non-discrimination mandates regarding persons with disabilities to both the private and public sector, regardless of whether or not they receive federal financial assistance. ADA guarantees equal opportunity for individuals with disabilities in employment, public accommodations, transportation, state and local government services and telecommunication.
The 1997 amendments to the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) require that transition planning and services be included in the annual Individualized Education Program (IEP) for secondary education students with disabilities who are age 14 or older. Transition services are a coordinated set of activities which are ' designed to prepare the student for outcomes that are envisioned for the student in adult life. Outcomes may include post-secondary education, employment, vocational training, adult education, adult services, independent living, and community participation. The set of activities for each student needs to be based on his/her individual needs, preferences, and interests. The activities must include instruction, community experiences, and development of employment or other post-school adult living objectives.
Transition Planning, a part of your IEP, is designed to help you start working now with support services and accommodations that you will need in the future.
Adirondack Regional Technology Center
Technology Related Assistance for Individuals with Disabilities (TRAID)
Joan Florentine
SUNY Plattsburgh
1 0 1 Broad St., Sibley Hall #227 Plattsburgh, NY 12901 (518) 564-3377
FAX (518) 564-2328
siorenjm@splava.cc.plaftsburgh.edu
Deaf Services
Avery Munger, Director
RR1 Box 193B, Malone, New York 12953
(518) 483-1954 voice
(518) 483-6039 TTY
deafservices@juno-com
Massena Independent Living Center
156 Center St., Massena, NY 13662
(315) 764-9442
FAX (518) 764-9464
milc@northnet.org
Learning Disabilities Association of New York State
90 South Swan St., Albany, NY 12210
(518) 436-4633
FAX (518) 432-5902
NYS Office of Advocate for Persons with Disabilities
I Empire State Plaza, Suite 1001,
Albany, NY 12223-1150
1-800-522-4369 (V[TTY)
(518) 474-5567 (Spanish)
FAX (518) 473-6005
www.advoc4disabled.state.ny.us
NYS Commission for the Blind and Visually Handicapped
Bea Beguin, Vocational Rehabilitation Counselor
P.O. Box 33, Saranac Lake, NY 12983
(518) 891-7518
FAX (518) 891-7528
NYS Office of Vocational and Educational Services for Individuals with
Disabilities (VESID) ALBANY DISTRICT OFFICE
6 Tower Place, 1st Floor,
Executive Park Albany, NY 12203 (518) 473-8097
FAX (518) 457-4562
MALONE DISTRICT OFFICE
John Ray, Office Manager
Steve Novacich, Transition Liaison
231 West Main Street, Suite 2, Malone, NY 12953
(518) 483-3530 OR 1-800-882-2803
FAX (518) 483-3552
SYRACUSE DISTRICT OFFICE
State Office Bldg., Room 230,
Syracuse, NY 13202-1490
(315) 428-4179
FAX (315) 428-4280
UTICA DISTRICT OFFICE
State Office Bldg., 207 Genessee St.,
Utica, NY 13501
(315) 793-2536
FAX (315) 793-2724
North Country Association for Visually Impaired
Karen Mergenthaler, Director
301 Main St., 3rd Floor, PO Box 1338
Lake Placid, NY 12946
ncavi@juno.com
North Country Legal Services
100 Court Street, P.O. Box 989
Plattsburgh, NY 12901
(518) 563-4022
1-800-722-7380
ncisp@northnet.org
North Country Legal Services
38 Gouverneur Street, P.O. Box 648,
Canton, NY 13617
(315) 386-4586
1-800-822-8283
cncls@northnet.org
Northern Regional Center for Independent Living
165 Mechanic St., Watertown, NY 13601
(315) 785-8703
nrcil@1000islands.net
North Country Center for Independence
Andrew Pulrang, Director
159 Margaret Street, Suite 202,
Plattsburgh, NY 12901
(518) 563-9058 (VITDD)
ncci@slic.com
www.chambers.slic.com/ncci/home.html
ADMISSIONS AND ACADEMIC SUPPORT SERVICES AT AREA COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES
Adirondack Community College
Canton College of Technology
Clarkson University
Clinton Community College
College of St. Rose
Hudson Valley Community College
Jefferson Community College
Lynn University of Old Forge Center
Mater Dei College
Mohawk Valley Community College
North Country Community College
Malone Campus
Paul Smith's College
Center for Accommodative Services
St. Lawrence University
State University College of Agriculture and Technology at Cobleskill
State University of New York at Plattsburgh
State University of New York at Potsdam
Please complete this form with your Resource Room teacher, or another teacher who is knowledgeable about your disability. This information will help ensure that the college personnel providing accommodative services are familiar with you personally. Plan to bring this form with you when meeting the learning specialist for the first time.
Student Name: ___________________________ Date: _______________
Completed by: ___________________________ Title: ________________
Skill Area |
Strength |
Weakness |
| Organization | ||
| Following Schedule | ||
| Study Skills | ||
| Note Taking | ||
| Assignment Recording | ||
| Staying on Task | ||
| Organizing Materials | ||
| Assignment Completion | ||
| Social | ||
| Appropriate Classroom Conduct | ||
| Interpreting Corrective Feedback | ||
| Developing Peer Relationships | ||
| Developing Adult Relationships | ||
| Personality | ||
| Learning | ||
| Word Recognition Reading Skills | ||
| Reading Comprehension | ||
| Math Concepts | ||
| Computation | ||
| Written Language/Composition | ||
| Spelling | ||
| Auditory Perception | ||
| Visual Motor Integration |
Appropriate Academic Accommodations Checklist
Student Name: ______________________________________
Instructional
__ Use Extended Time for Graduation
__ Use Alternative Format
__ Braille
__ Large Print
__ Use Visual Magnification Devices
__ Use Auditory Amplification Devices
__ Use Auditory Tape
__ Use Reader
__ Use Scribe
__ Use Calculator
__ Use Books on Tape
__ Use Assistive Technology
__ Use Interpreter
Other Please Specify:
Testing
__ Use Extended Time
__ Use Oral Testing
__ Administer Test in Distraction Free Location
__ Use Alternative Format
__ Braille
__ Large Print
__ Reduced # of Items per Page
__ Dictate Answers
__ Read, Simplify, or Provide Additional Information
Examples of Directions
__ Explain Auxiliary Vocabulary
__ Use Visual Magnification Devices
__ Use Auditory Amplification Devices
__ Use Auditory Tape
__ Use Reader
__ Use Calculator
__ Word Process Answers
__ Use Assistive Technology
__ Use Interpreter
Other Please Specify:
Other Support Needs:
__ Counseling (Circle if appropriate) - Personal, Peer, Career
__ Physical Access (Describe) -
Attach additional information, if appropriate. Feel free to add comments.
Association on Higher Education and Disability (AHEAD), P.O. Box 21192,
Columbus, Ohio, 43221, (614) 488-4972, FAX (614) 488-1174.
College Students with Learning Disabilities. Columbus, OH: Association for Higher Education and Disabilities, 1983.
Effective College Planning. Buffalo, NY: Western New York Transition Resource Center, 1995.
HEATH Resource Center, One Dupont Circle - Suite 800, Washington, DC 20036, (800) 544-3284.
How to Choose a College: Guide for the Student with a Disability
A Joint Project of the Association on Higher Education and Disability and the Heath
Resource Center, Fourth Edition, 1993.
Questions & Answers About Disability. Plattsburgh, NY: North Country Center for Independence, 1995.
Scheiber, Barbara and Jeanne Talpers. Unlocking Potential: College and Other Choices
for Learning Disabled People - A Step-By-Step Guide.
Bethesda, MD: Adler & Adler, 1987.
Transition Services: A Planning and Implementation Guide. Albany, NY:
Office of Special Education Services and Office for Vocational and Educational Services
for Individuals with Disabilities, 1994.
Vogel, Susan. College Students with Learning Disabilities: A Handbook.
Pittsburgh, PA: LDA Bookstore, 1993.
*An extensive transition bibliography and numerous resources are available by
contacting:
Carol McKillip, Learning Specialist/Diagnostician
Paul Smith's College
Paul Smiths, NY 12970
(518) 327-6425
Original Northern New York Post-Secondary Transition Team Members Who Contributed to the Handbook:
Kolleen Callaghan, Carol McKillip, Sue Peterson, Carol Schnob, Robert Shepherd and Kelly Wight
Current Northern New York Post-Secondary Transition Team
Carol McKillip, Learning Specialist/Diagnostician
Paul Smith's College
Paul Smiths, NY 12970
(518) 327-6425
Fax (518) 327-6369
mckillc@pauismiths.edu
Eric Bright
Kim Massaro,
Northern NY Transition Coordination Site
St. Lawrence/Lewis BOCES LRC
7229 State Highway 56
Norwood, NY 13668
(315)353-6687
ebright@sll.neric.org
kmassaro@sll.neric.org
Kelly Wight, Transition/Community Placement Coordinator
FEH BOCES
Adirondack Educational Center
RD 1, Box 7A
Saranac Lake, NY 12983
(518) 891-1330
Fax (518) 891-6043
kwight@mail.fehb.org
Jeannine Golden, Learning Center Coordinator
North Country Community College
College Ave.
Malone, NY 12953
(518) 483-4550
Tracy Gilbert, VESID
231 West Main Street, Suite 2
Malone, NY 12953
(800) 882-2803
Fax (518) 483-3552
tgilbert@mail.nysed.gov
Dana Retherford, SETRC
FEH BOCES
North Franklin Educational Center 52 State St.
Malone, NY 12953
(518) 483-5230
Fax (518) 483-1399
dretherfor@mail.fehb.org
Debbie Stout, Director
Adirondack Teacher Center
PO Box 327
Paul Smith's, NY 12970
(518) 327-5012
Fax (518) 327-5015
dstout@northnet.org
Mary Moore, Transition/Community Placement Coordinator
FEH BOCES
North Franklin Educational Center 52 State St.
Malone, NY 12953
(518) 483-5230
mmoore@mail.fehb.org
Melissa DeVit, Resource Teacher
Saranac Lake High School
Saranac Lake, NY 12983
518) 891-4450
mel@capital.net
Karen Wettereau, Resource Teacher
Malone Middle School
Malone, NY 12953
(518) 483-7801
NOTES